This is reflected in the right to self-determination in art 3 being characterised as “essential to the
enjoyment of all human rights”: Melissa Castan “DRIP Feed: The Slow Reconstruction of Self-determination for
Indigenous Peoples” in Sarah Joseph and Adam McBeth (eds) Research Handbook on International Human Rights
Law (Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, 2010) 492 at 499; see also Office of the High Commissioner for Human
Rights CCPR General Comment No 12: Article 1 (Right to Self-...